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maven 构建分模块项目

分模块构建 maven 工程分析

在现实生活中,汽车厂家进行汽车生产时,由于整个生产过程非常复杂和繁琐,工作量非常大,所以车场都会将整个汽车的部件分开生产,最终再将生产好的部件进行组装,形成一台完整的汽车:

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类似的,随着项目功能的增加,项目本身会变得越来越庞大,这个时候,代码的良好管理和规划就会变得很重要。为了提高效率,根据业务的不同将揉作一团的业务代码分离出来,业务划分上分割清晰,提高代码复用率,例如:

1559550904100

上述功能的实现就是代码这一层级的变动,可以采用多项目模式和多模块模式:

  • 多项目:每个业务单独新建项目并编写相应逻辑
  • 多模块:业务聚合在一个项目中的不同模块中,然后通过依赖调用实现业务逻辑

maven 工程的继承

在 java 语言中,类之间是可以继承的,通过继承,子类就可以引用父类中非 private 的属性和方法。同样,在 maven 工程之间也可以继承,子工程继承父工程后,就可以使用在父工程中引入的依赖。继承的目的是为了消除重复代码。

1559550956068

maven 工程的聚合

在 maven 工程的 pom.xml 文件中,可以使用 标签将其他 maven 工程聚合到一起,聚合的目的是为了进行统一操作。

例如,拆分后的 maven 工程有多个,如果要进行打包,就需要针对每个工程分别执行打包命令,操作起来非常繁琐。这时就可以使用 标签将这些工程统一聚合到 maven 工程中,需要打包的时候,只需要在此工程中执行一次打包命令,其下被聚合的工程就都会被打包了。

1559551000245

分模块构建 maven 工程

构建父模块

新建 maven 项目:

image-20210113100427171

保留 pom.xml 文件,删除 src 目录:

image-20210113101242280

构建子模块

新建 module 1:

image-20210113101550741

新建 module 2:

image-20210113101831549

如果需要更多的模块,重复上述步骤。

父模块 pom 配置

公用的 pom 配置,可以放在父模块的 pom.xml 文件中:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>cn.matgene.reaction-extractor-assistant</groupId>
<artifactId>reaction-extractor-assistant</artifactId>
<!-- parent必须使用pom格式打包并上传到仓库 -->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>patent-loader</module>
<module>consumer-log</module>
<module>consumer-reaction</module>
<module>consumer-timeout</module>
</modules>

<!-- 全局版本管理 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.version>3.8.1</maven.compiler.version>
<maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

<!-- 全局依赖管理 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.danielwegener</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-kafka-appender</artifactId>
<version>0.2.0-RC1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>5.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

子模块 pom 配置

子模块单独使用的 pom 配置,放在子模块自己的 pom.xml 文件中:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>reaction-extractor-assistant</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.matgene.reaction-extractor-assistant</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<artifactId>patent-loader</artifactId>

<properties>
<app.main.class>cn.matgene.patent.cn.matgene.patent.loader.PatentLoaderJob</app.main.class>
</properties>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.3</version>
<configuration>
<createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<manifestEntries>
<Main-Class>${app.main.class}</Main-Class>
<X-Compile-Source-JDK>${maven.compiler.source}</X-Compile-Source-JDK>
<X-Compile-Target-JDK>${maven.compiler.target}</X-Compile-Target-JDK>
</manifestEntries>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

上面构建的项目比较简单,各模块之间不存在依赖关系,同时,因为每个模块都需要打包,因此把打包的插件放在每一个子模块的 pom.xml 文件中。

一个 spring web 项目的实例

  1. 父工程 maven_parent 构建
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 <properties>
<spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<springmvc.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</springmvc.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>

<!--锁定jar版本-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springMVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${springmvc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
  1. 子工程 maven_pojo 构建
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<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
  1. 子工程 maven_dao 构建
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 <dependencies>
<!-- maven_pojo的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>maven_pojo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis和mybatis与spring的整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.32</version>
</dependency>
<!-- druid数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- junit测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
  1. 子工程 maven_service 构建
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<dependencies>
<!-- maven_dao的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>maven_dao</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
  1. 子工程 maven_web 构建
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<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<!-- maven_service的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>maven_service</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<finalName>maven_web</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
  1. 项目整体结构如下:
  1. maven_parent 为父工程,其余工程为子工程,都继承父工程 maven_parent;

  2. maven_parent 工程将其子工程都进行了聚合 ;

  3. 子工程之间存在依赖关系,比如 maven_dao 依赖 maven_pojo,maven_service 依赖 maven_dao,maven_web 依赖 maven_service。

本文参考

https://juejin.cn/post/6844903970024980488

https://www.cnblogs.com/tianlong/p/10552848.html

声明:写作本文初衷是个人学习记录,鉴于本人学识有限,如有侵权或不当之处,请联系 wdshfut@163.com